Learn a little about shoemaking: the technical levels of handmade shoemaking
Shoemaking industry occupations can be divided into manual shoemaking (small quantity shoemaking) and mass shoemaking. Handmade shoemaking is mainly shoemaking for domestic sales and sample shoe production for mass shoemaking. Massive shoemaking is mainly machine-made shoemaking in large quantities for export. The distinction between shoemaking occupations is because the technical level of handmade shoemaking is high, and the export of machine-made shoes is inseparable from the level of handmade shoemaking of sample shoes. Therefore, so far, the shoemaking occupation is also based on the basic technology of handmade shoemaking. By distinguishing the projects, the technical levels of handmade shoes can be divided into: all-round shoemaking technician, pattern designer, noodle-making technician, and sole-making technician.
A large number of shoemaking operations mostly belong to the single-skilled technology (single specialization) level. In the shoemaking industry, in addition to the "all-round shoemaking technician" who can complete a pair of shoes alone, the shoemaking industry can only cooperate with various different technicians to complete a pair of shoes.
1. All-round shoemaking technician
The so-called all-round technician is a technician who can make shoes by hand, from sample design, surface making, sole making, to assembly and assembly into a pair of shoes independently. To achieve the above-mentioned all-round skills, one must go through many stages of different shoemaking tasks and be talented. With their dexterous skills and in-depth understanding, they regard shoemaking as life rather than life. Therefore, there are very few excellent all-round technicians in China. It is not an exaggeration to say that they can obtain a favorable working environment and an annual income of 600,000 to 1 million. Usually, technicians with all-round skills need to have been engaged in shoe assembly work for more than fifteen years without interruption, which means they are about thirty-five to forty years old. Most all-round technicians are hired by footwear traders to be responsible for the development of samples and the production of shoes. The shoe factory holds positions above the general engineering department.
2. Sample designer
Senior noodle making technicians, who can fully grasp the evolution based on their own noodle making experience and understanding of the base and market dynamics. At present, the shoemaking industry is divided into domestic sales factories (the shoemaking process is mostly done by hand) and export sales factories (the production process is mostly done by machinery). Generally, shoe assembly technicians in domestic sales factories are qualified to make sample shoes in export factories, and sample designers He is a full-time technician of shoe samples. Each factory's new shoe model and the assembly process and material cost calculation of each shoe model need to be designed and arranged by the sample designer. Therefore, the sample designer is the driver of the shoe assembly work. , the quality of his work involves the profit and loss of the factory. Each factory has only one unique model designer, so the factory will arrange the best working environment and the best treatment. Generally, the annual salary of a model designer is between 400,000 and 400,000 yuan. Between RMB 1 million and more, there are even more who hold management positions (such as section chiefs); there are also sample designers who work as prototype shoes for traders, with an annual salary of up to RMB 1.5 million, and their working hours are more flexible than ordinary employees. Due to the importance of his position, the factory management had to give him special treatment.
Model designers are trained through the accumulation of shoemaking time and experience. They do not need to have high academic qualifications. However, among the students trained by general shoemaking training units, only about 5% can become independent model designers. In addition to shoemaking experience and self-improvement, drawing ability and talent are also very important for a keen sense of shoe fitting. Although technology has been introduced into the shoemaking industry in recent years, such as computer-aided cad/cam prototype design system, it will definitely be helpful to the shoemaking industry, but without the integration and cooperation of model designers, it will not be able to work, so as long as there is a shoe-making system In this industry, model designers must be an indispensable main personnel.
3. Decoration Technician
In addition to sample design work, noodle-making technicians are responsible for everything from material selection, cutting, table work, sewing work to the completion of a pair of shoe uppers. Noodle-making technicians working in domestic sales factories are usually paid on a piece-by-piece basis, with a typical monthly income of around NT$40,000. Noodle-making technicians are also divided into two or three technical levels, which vary according to the shoes produced by each factory.
Those with younger experience can only work in shoe factories that make simpler types of shoes, such as men's and women's casual shoes, sandals, children's shoes, rubber-soled shoes, etc. Those with more senior experience can only work in shoe factories that make high-end men's and women's shoes. Income is also slightly higher and lower. In recent years, group-style noodle making has become more popular. They use a noodle-making technician to work together with apprentices, workers, or wives and children to form a team to work together. The more trivial odd jobs and table workers are assigned to apprentices, workers, wives, The important technical tasks such as selecting materials and assembling uppers are completed independently, which increases the overall income of the team. Working in teams of three to make shoe uppers, not only can the monthly income reach more than 100,000 yuan, but some even buy their own noodle-making machines (sewing machines and peeling machines) and take the work back to their own homes, becoming so-called outsourced OEMs. .
Most of the noodle-making technicians working in export shoe factories work in the sample room, and a small number of them serve as sewing machine team leaders (management). Technicians who make shoe upper samples in the sample room are mostly paid with a monthly salary of less than 30,000 yuan. The salary is based on seniority. For juniors (one to three years), the starting salary is about 10,000 yuan, and for senior ones (three years) , five years) with a starting salary of about 20,000 yuan, the work is relatively easy and there is less work pressure. Noodle-making technicians who serve as management cadres on-site, in addition to monthly salary, also receive over-production allowance every month. The basic salary is about 20,000 to 30,000 yuan. Depending on the monthly production output performance, it may be more than 20,000 to 30,000 yuan per month. income. Their work is relatively busy and the work pressure is high, but for technicians who are junior or have poor technical skills, it is another opportunity to challenge. Once a noodle-making technician becomes a management cadre, he must have a sense of responsibility with a sense of quantity and enthusiasm.
4. Base preparation technician
To make a pair of shoes, in addition to the upper being completed by the noodle-making technician, the rest consists of shaping (including shaping the upper, selecting the last (size), making and fixing the midsole, making and installing the hard lining, forming the upper or lasting, etc. The series attaches the upper to the shoe last to make it a fixed form of shoe shape), sole making (processing of flat materials, processing of formed soles, processing of flat plate combined forming soles, so that it becomes a shoe including the heel) Sole), sole matching (assembly of unsoled formed shoes and processed soles including heels), finishing (the subsequent work after a pair of shoes is completed, including unlasting, stain removal, decoration, insoles to tying shoelaces) Such work is the scope of work of the base preparation technician.
These tasks often vary greatly in the difficulty or ease of production technology due to different shoe styles. For example, leather-soled leather shoes and high-heeled leather shoes must be made by senior technicians with better skills, while junior technicians can only mold flat-heeled glue. The bottom (the bottom structure is relatively simple) is made.
The work nature of the production and processing technicians is the same as that of the noodle-making technicians. They are divided into domestic sales technicians and technicians who serve export factories or traders' sample rooms. Domestic sales technicians are divided into senior technicians who mainly make high-end leather shoes, and general technicians who make mid-to-low-end leather shoes. Shoes mainly. Senior technicians earn between 30,000 and 40,000 yuan per month, while general technicians earn about 30,000 yuan per month. The work style is the same as the above-mentioned noodle-making technicians, with piece-based pay and group work style earning more.
Most of those who serve export factories or traders' sample rooms are distinguished by their experience and technical skills. The difference is large, and the monthly salary ranges from about 10,000 yuan to 40,000 yuan. The work of making base is more arduous than that of noodle making. Generally, most workers in export factories are replaced by machines. Therefore, the base making technicians have the expertise of making base and are transferred to the process of controlling the machine production line. The senior ones serve as the factory director and deputy factory. Managers and those at the grassroots level who hold the position of molding team leader, molding squad leader and other management positions are the same as the noodle-making technicians who hold management positions. They can also enjoy monthly over-production allowances, and some even have year-end bonuses.
5. Mass production operators
The shoemaking industry has moved from manual shoemaking to the era of mass production replaced by machines in the 1950s. This has led to the diversification of the shoemaking profession with the division of labor in mass production, creating a single technical job that can be performed with a short period of training. Hereby The breakdown is as follows:
(1) Cutting machine operators can use various cutting machines to correctly cut and tie various flat materials according to pre-planned cutting methods and quantities in preparation for picking materials for downstream work.
Usually, remuneration is based on piece rate, and the monthly income ranges from more than 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan. Regardless of gender, anyone with a junior high school degree is qualified.
(2) Sewing machine operator, who can use various shoe-making sewing machines to correctly assemble (sew) pieces of shoe fabric. Generally, beginners are paid monthly and veterans are paid on a piece-by-piece basis. The monthly income ranges from more than 10,000 yuan to more than 10,000 yuan. Ten thousand yuan, most of the practitioners are women, and a junior high school degree is sufficient.
(3) For the operator of the clamping machine, forming is the most difficult and important task in making shoes and soles. The quality of the molding work is the quality of the shoes, and the clamping machine is a type of machine that uses a machine to form the shoes. In addition to knowing the quality of the shoes, the clamping machine operator must also understand the complex basic maintenance of the clamping machine. Its job is to use the clamping machine to attach the prepared shoe upper to the prepared shoe last to "form it." ”, who can make about a thousand pairs every day, and earns from 15,000 to more than 30,000 yuan a month, is one of the soul workers of the export shoe factory. The job is regardless of gender, and requires a high school (vocational) education.
(4) Other mass production single-skilled workers. In addition to the above-mentioned single-skilled technician jobs in export shoe factories, there are many sub-level operations, but most of them are adjustable single-skilled workers, such as (1) gluing operations, (2) ) Sole sticking operation, (3) Grinding operation, (4) Surface making operation, (5) Packaging (finishing) operation, (6) Material preparation operation... etc., according to the production form and type of shoes produced by each shoe factory There is a big difference. According to the production scale of each shoe factory, the number of staff configurations for various vehicle operations varies. The benefits and benefits for entry-level occupations in shoe factories are similar to those for entry-level occupations in other non-shoemaking occupations.
