1. Soles: Most outsoles are made of rubber, but there are many types of rubber. Depending on the purpose and price of the shoes, there are ones with carbon added, ones without carbon, etc., and of course there are some with cowhide soles.
The midsole part (the part where your foot directly steps on) is generally made of phylon or EVA material. The only difference between the two is that phylon is made of two laminations, so it is more expensive.
2. Upper: the simplest, textile cloth material (general canvas shoes), artificial leather, textile cloth base or non-woven base.
They are coated with polyurethane and made with special foaming treatment. The surface feels like real leather, but its breathability, wear resistance and cold resistance are not as good as real leather.
Genuine leather is generally cowhide, and the more expensive ones are crocodile leather. Suede still belongs to the leather category, but the hair is turned upside down to make it look better.
3. Toe cap: The toe cap part needs to be reinforced with special materials (mountaineering shoes and the like). Most of the materials used are TPU. In some sports shoes, TPU is also often used to play a stabilizing role (because the shoes easily transformed)
4. Shoe tongue: It is usually filled with textile fabrics, and its appearance can be of any kind, including cloth or leather.
5. Lining: Sponges are mostly used, and high-end shoes use memory foam for comfort.
In addition, high-end sports shoes will have carbon plates added to the midsole, but their function is similar to that of TPU, which plays a stabilizing role.
Shoes are a tool for people to protect their feet from injury. The earliest people invented fur shoes in order to overcome special situations and prevent their feet from being uncomfortable or injured. Shoes have developed to this day and have become what they are now. Shoes of various styles and functions can be found everywhere.
