What materials are needed to make shoes?
The materials of shoes are mainly natural fiber fabrics and leather, and chemical synthetic materials have become more and more popular in modern times. According to the structure of shoes, they can be divided into four categories: fabric (upper material), lining, bottom material, and auxiliary materials.
Fabric
Mainly leather, synthetic leather, textiles, rubber and plastics, etc. Leather shoe fabrics are mostly made of tanned cow, pig, sheepskin grained soft leather or suede soft leather, as well as synthetic leather; high-end shoes are also made of crocodile skin, snake skin, and chicken claw skin.
Cloth shoes and rubber shoes are mostly made of cotton and woolen fabrics that are strong, wear-resistant, have good heat preservation and moisture absorption properties, such as gongcloth, velveteen, tweed, corduroy, canvas, gabardine, tweed, navy tweed, coats, etc. Various synthetic resins and natural rubber are the main materials for plastic shoes and rubber shoes.
Lining
Mainly include cotton, mountain (sheep) sheepskin, cotton batting, felt, artificial wool, elastic velvet, etc. The back half of leather shoes is mostly made of softer mountain and sheep leather, and the front half is mostly made of canvas; the linings of cloth shoes are mostly made of natural white cloth or bleached cloth; rubber shoes are mostly made of fine canvas.
Leather shoes for cold protection in winter use felt or polished fur as the lining; cloth-cotton boots (shoes) are generally stuffed with cotton and then lined with a layer of cotton cloth. Felt or elastic velvet can also be used as the lining. Some shoes also use resin foam composite materials or artificial wool for shoe linings.
Base material
Mainly include hard leather, soft leather, imitation leather, cloth, rubber, plastic, rubber-plastic and rubber-plastic foam materials, etc. Hard leather is processed from cow and pig skin. It is mostly used for leather shoes and a small amount is used to make leather-soled cloth shoes. In addition, leather shoes also widely use imitation leather soles. Cloth is the main material of traditional cloth soles.
The old cloth is used as the raw material and processed into 袼褙 or patched with wadding to form a base. Hemp rope is used to make a thousand-layer base or a woolen base by hand or machine. Plastic is mainly polyvinyl chloride resin, which is mostly used in plastic shoes and cloth shoes. Rubber includes natural rubber and synthetic rubber, which are used in rubber shoes and cloth shoes. There are two types of soft leather: artificial leather and natural leather, which are mostly used in cloth slippers and soft-soled cloth shoes. Rubber-plastic and rubber-plastic foam materials are mostly used in leather shoes and cloth shoes.
Excipients
Mainly include eyelets (rings, brazing), shoelaces, elastic cloth, velcro, zippers, silk, cotton, linen sutures (ropes), nails, rivets, non-woven fabrics, cardboard, for inner toe caps and main heels Used leather, various decorations, supports, adhesives, and paste, etc.
